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Thermodynamics

Energy, heat, work, internal energy, the laws of thermodynamics, and the kinetic theory of gases — from the microscopic motion of molecules to macroscopic engine efficiency.

11 articles

Thermal expansion — metal rod expanding in length when heated, with ΔL = αL₀ΔT formula labeled

Thermodynamics

Jun 26, 202613 min read

Thermal Expansion: Formula ΔL = αL₀ΔT, Types & Worked Examples

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Thermal Energy & Internal Energy: Heat, Temperature & Q = mcDelta-T

Thermodynamics

Jun 25, 202612 min read

Thermal Energy & Internal Energy: Heat, Temperature & Q = mcDelta-T

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Gas laws — three diagrams showing Boyle, Charles and Gay-Lussac relationships

Thermodynamics

Jun 14, 202613 min read

Boyle's, Charles' & Gay-Lussac's Gas Laws: Formulas & Examples

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Ideal gas law — piston compressing gas in a cylinder illustrating the relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature

Thermodynamics

Apr 24, 202614 min read

Ideal Gas Law PV = nRT: Variables Explained, R Value & Worked Examples

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Specific heat capacity — beakers being heated illustrating different energy requirements for different materials

Thermodynamics

Apr 23, 202613 min read

Specific Heat Capacity: Formula Q = mcΔT, Values & Worked Examples

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Entropy — ink drop spreading in water illustrating the spontaneous increase in disorder and entropy

Thermodynamics

Apr 20, 202614 min read

Entropy Explained: Definition, Formula ΔS = Q/T & the Second Law

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Thermodynamics

Apr 10, 202616 min read

Second Law of Thermodynamics: Entropy, Heat Engines & Carnot Efficiency

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Heat transfer — three panels showing conduction through a rod, convection currents in a fluid, and radiation from a hot surface

Thermodynamics

Mar 26, 202614 min read

Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection and Radiation — Formulas & Examples

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Kinetic theory of gases — molecules in motion representing gas pressure and temperature

Thermodynamics

Mar 11, 202613 min read

Kinetic Theory of Gases: Pressure, Temperature & Molecular Motion

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Thermodynamics

Feb 19, 202611 min read

First Law of Thermodynamics: ΔU = Q − W Explained with Worked Examples

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What is energy — lightning bolt representing electrical energy and energy transformation

Thermodynamics

Jan 29, 202612 min read

What Is Energy in Physics? Definition, Types, Conservation & Units

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