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Physics Fundamentals

Collision
Lab

Elastic. Inelastic. Angled. Newton's cradle.
8 collision puzzles — real momentum physics.

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💥 Momentum Physics Game

Collision Lab — Free Online Momentum & Collision Physics Game

Collision Lab teaches conservation of momentum, elastic and inelastic collisions, and Newton's cradle physics through 8 progressively complex collision puzzles. Each scenario uses real physics — the same equations taught in A-level and first-year university physics.

The physics behind the game

Conservation of momentum

m₁v₁ + m₂v₂ = m₁v₁′ + m₂v₂′

Momentum is always conserved in collisions — regardless of elasticity. This is a consequence of Newton's third law: the force one ball exerts on the other is equal and opposite.

Elastic collision (e = 1)

v₁′ = (m₁−m₂)/(m₁+m₂)·v₁, v₂′ = 2m₁/(m₁+m₂)·v₁

Both momentum and kinetic energy are conserved. For equal masses: the first ball stops dead and the second moves with the original velocity. This is Newton's cradle in action.

Inelastic collision (e = 0)

v_combined = m₁v₁/(m₁+m₂)

Maximum kinetic energy is lost (converted to heat/sound). The balls stick together and move as one. The combined momentum equals the original momentum.

Coefficient of restitution

e = (v₂′ − v₁′)/(v₁ − v₂)

Real collisions fall between e=0 and e=1. A superball is ~0.9. A lump of clay is ~0. A billiard ball is ~0.95. The game shows all these regimes.

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